The Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacodynamics of Clopidogrel Response

Pharmacogenetics of Clopidogrel

Clinical Case A 58-year-old male was presented with an ST-elevation inferior myocardial infarction. Emergency medical services administered 325 mg of aspirin and sublingual nitroglycerin en route to the emergency room. In the emergency room, the patient received 600 mg of clopidogrel and a heparin bolus. Coronary angiography revealed complete occlusion of the distal right coronary artery with t...

clopidogrel pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics in iranian patients

Impact of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacodynamics on Transplantation

In solid organ transplantation, new approaches able to reflect individual responses are required to monitor immunosuppressive therapy and to improve its safety and efficacy. In the last few years, preliminary studies about the clinical impact of the measurement of new specific biomarkers of exposure (pharmacogenetic biomarkers) and the biological effects (pharmacodynamic biomarkers) of immunosu...

Effects of Pharmacogenetics on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Tamoxifen

The antiestrogenic drug tamoxifen is widely used in the treatment of estrogen receptor-α-positive breast cancer and substantially decreases recurrence and mortality rates. However, high interindividual variability in response is observed, calling for a personalized approach to tamoxifen treatment. Tamoxifen is bioactivated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes such as CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6...

Clopidogrel pharmacogenetics: promising steps towards patient care?

Clopidogrel is a pro-drug that requires oxidation to its active metabolite, 2-oxoclopidogrel, by CYP3A4 and other CYP enzymes. This active thiol metabolite inhibits adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation by blocking the platelet P2Y12 receptor (Figure), resulting in 50% reduction in ADP-mediated platelet aggregation. Clopidogrel is standard of care in many patients undergoing ...